Having my (very mild) cataracts removed was one of the best things I ever did. Although I was "only" -5D before it is an absolute delight to wake in the morning and see properly for the first time in 60 years. Plus I only need glasses for reading small print.
To answer your question, I told my consultant about my target shooting and he advised to hold off for two weeks after the operation. However I actually waited for four weeks until I had finished applying the various eye drops. I also wrapped a foam pad around the stock on my .308 just in case, but have had no problems whatsoever.
Also, being able to see the bullet holes in the McQueen target has mproved my scores no end
